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Brenda Milner, (born July 15, 1918) is a Canadian neuropsychologist who has contributed extensively to the research literature on various topics in the field of clinical neuropsychology.〔Birchard, Karen (November 6, 2011) (" 'Nosy' and Observant, a Neuroscientist Continues Her Memorable Career at 93" ), ''Chronicle of Higher Education''〕 Milner is a professor in the Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery at McGill University and a professor of Psychology at the Montreal Neurological Institute.〔(Brenda Milner Wins Balzan Prize for Cognitive Neurosciences ). (2011). Government of Canada.〕 She currently holds more than 20 honorary degrees and continues to work in her nineties.〔 Her current work explores the interaction between the brain’s left and right hemispheres.〔 Milner has been called the founder of neuropsychology, and has proven to be an essential key in its development. She received the Kavli Prize in Neuroscience “for the discovery of specialized brain networks for memory and cognition", together with John O’Keefe, and Marcus E. Raichle, in 2014. ==Early life and education== Brenda Langford (later Milner by marriage) was born on July 15, 1918, in Manchester, England. Milner’s father was a musical critic, journalist, and teacher and her mother was a singing student.〔(The Great Canadian Psychologist Website. ) (2008).〕 Though she was a daughter to two musically talented parents she had no interest in music. Thus she was tutored by her father in mathematics and the arts.”〔 She attended Withington Girls' School, which led her to attend Newnham College, Cambridge, to read mathematics; however, after completing the first part of the Mathematical Tripos in 1937 Milner changed field.〔 In 1939, Milner graduated with a BA degree in experimental psychology, which at that time was classified as the moral sciences.〔 Her supervisor at Cambridge was Oliver Zangwill and to him she owes her first interest in human brain function.〔 Oliver Zangwill was a Cambridge graduate with First Class Honors with Special Distinction. “He immediately began postgraduate research with Frederic Bartlett, who was by then Cambridge’s first Professor of Experimental Psychology.”〔 Zangwill’s career with Bartlett won him an honorable reputation. “Working with Bartlett was of significance for Zangwill’s career as Bartlett had an extraordinarily powerful effect on the shape of British academic psychology.”〔 Milner was awarded a Sarah Smithson Research Studentship by Newnham College after her graduation near the time of World War II, which allowed her to attended Newnham for the following two years.〔 As a result of World War II, the work of the Cambridge Psychological Laboratory, under Bartlett’s leadership, was diverted almost overnight to applied research in the selection of aircrew.〔 Milner's position in this was to devise perceptual tasks for future use in selecting aircrew. More specifically, she was on a team interested in distinguishing fighter pilots from bomber pilots using aptitude tests.〔〔 “Later in the war, from 1941 to 1944, she worked in Malvern as an Experimental Officer for the Ministry of Supply, investigating different methods of display and control to be used by radar operators.”〔 Prior to Milner’s master’s degree she met her husband, Peter Milner. He was an electrical engineer who had also been recruited for the war effort.〔 In 1944 they married and left England for Canada after Peter had been invited to work with physicists on atomic research.〔〔 Their move to Canada brought Milner to new opportunities for her and neuropsychology. In Montreal, Milner became a PhD candidate in psychophysiology at McGill University, under the direction of the distinguished Dr. Donald Olding Hebb.〔 In 1950, Hebb gave Milner an opportunity to study with Dr. Wilder Penfield at the Montreal Neurological Institute.〔 Alongside Penfield, she studied the behavior of epileptic patients treated with focal ablation of brain tissue.〔(Brenda Milner. ) (2012) Ordre National du Quebec.〕 In 1952, Milner earned her PhD in experimental psychology.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brenda Milner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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